1. The use of Enteral Nutrition vs. Parenteral Nutrition (EN vs. PN)
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2. Early Vs Delayed Nutrient Intake
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3. Nutritional Prescription (dose) of Enteral Nutrition
3.1 Indirect Calorimetry vs. Predictive
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3.2 Achieving Target Dose of Enteral Nutrition
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3.3 Intentional Underfeeding
3.3a Trophic Feeds vs Full Feeds
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3.3b Hypocaloric Enteral Nutrition
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4. Composition of Enteral Nutrition
4.1 Immune Enhancing Diets
4.1a Diets Supplemented with Arginine and Select Other Nutrients
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4.1b i) Fish Oils, Borage Oils and Antioxidants
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4.1b ii) Fish oils supplementation
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4.1c Glutamine
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4.1d Ornithine KetoGlutarate (OKG)
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4.2 Carbohydrate/Fat
4.2a High fat/Low Carbohydrate
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4.2b Low fat/High Carbohydrate
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4.2c High Protein vs. Low Protein
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4.3 Protein vs. Peptides
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4.4 pH
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4.5 Fibre
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5. Strategies to Optimize Delivery and Minimize risk of Enteral Nutrition
5.1 Feeding Protocols
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5.2 Motility Agents
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5.3 Small Bowel vs. Gastric
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5.4 Body position
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5.5 Threshold of Gastric Residual Volumes
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5.6 Discarding Gastric Residual Volumes
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6. Enteral Nutrition: Other
6.1 Closed vs. Open system
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6.2 Probiotics
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6.3 Continuous vs. other methods of administration
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6.4 Gastrostomy vs. Nasogastric feeding
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6.5 Other Formulas
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7. Enteral Nutrition plus Parenteral Nutrition
7.1 Combination Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition
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7.2 Early vs Delayed Supplemental PN
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8. Parenteral Nutrition vs. Standard care
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9. Composition of Parenteral Nutrition
9.1 Branched Chain Amino Acids
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9.2 Type of lipids
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9.3 Zinc (alone or in combination)
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9.4a Parenteral Glutamine Supplementation
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9.4b Combined Parenteral and Enteral Glutamine Supplementation
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9.4c Enteral Glutamine vs Parenteral Dipeptide Supplementation
10. Strategies to Optimize Parenteral Nutrition
10.1 Dose of Parenteral Nutrition
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10.2 Use of lipids
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10.3 Mode of lipid delivery
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10.4a Optimal glucose control: Insulin therapy
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10.4b Optimal glucose control: Carbohydrate restricted formula and insulin therapy
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11. Supplemental Antioxidants
11.1 Combined Vitamins and Trace Elements
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11.2 Parenteral Selenium (alone or in combination)
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11.3 Vitamin C Supplementation
12. Vitamin D
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